Cutar mashako, wato diphtheria, na ci gaba da zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar jama’a a Najeriya, musamman a wasu jihohin Arewa, duk da cewa cuta ce da za a iya kare yara daga gare ta ta hanyar rigakafi.
Bayanai daga Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka ta Najeriya, NCDC, sun nuna cewa sama da mutane 10,000 sun kamu da cutar a ƙasar a shekarar 2026, yayin da Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Borno, Bauchi, Plateau, Sokoto da Zamfara ke da kashi 98 cikin 100 na cututtukan da aka tabbatar.
Amma abin da ya fi tayar da hankali shi ne cewa matsalar ba ta tsaya kan rashin allura kaɗai ba. NCDC ta ce ƙarancin rigakafin yara da jinkirin kai marasa lafiya asibiti da matsalar isa ga cibiyoyin lafiya da mutane ke fuskanta saboda nisa da rashin tsaro da ƙauracewar jama’a na daga cikin abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar.
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Darakta-Janar na NCDC, Jide Idris, ya bayyana cewa, “babbar matsalar ita ce yara da yawa ba su yi allura ko kuma ba su kammala allurar rikakafe ba.”
A Plateau, matsalar ta ɗauki wani sabon salo bayan hukumomi sun bayar da umarnin rufe makarantun firamare da sakandare a fadin jihar saboda barkewar cutar.
A farkon wannan barkewar, jami’an lafiya sun bayyana cewa an samu mutane 143 da ake zargi sun kamu, yayin da mutane 23 suka mutu. Daga baya kuma, alkaluman da jami’an lafiya suka bayar sun nuna cewa adadin waɗanda ake zargi sun kamu ya ƙaru zuwa 303, yayin da mace-macen suka kai 27.
Hakan ya sake haifar da wata muhimmiyar tambaya: shin matsalar ita ce rashin rigakafi kawai, ko kuma akwai gibi a tsarin gano cutar da kuma ba marasa lafiya magani cikin gaggawa?
Kwamishinan Lafiya na Plateau, Nicholas Baamlong, ya bayyana cewa rashin diphtheria antitoxin na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da jihar ke fuskanta wajen kula da masu tsananin cutar. Ya ce, “abin takaici shi ne babu antitoxin na magani, don haka muna amfani da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.”
A Zamfara ma, Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta jihar ta sanar da cewa ta tabbatar da mutane 367 sun kamu da cutar, yayin da sama da 320 suka samu magani aka sallame su. Wannan na nuna cewa, duk da kasancewar cutar mai hatsari, gano masu fama da ita da wuri da kuma ba su kulawa cikin gaggawa na iya taimakawa wajen rage mace-mace.
A cewar WHO, mashako cuta ce da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haddasawa, kuma tana iya yaɗuwa ta ɗigon numfashi yayin tari ko atishawa.
Alamomin cutar sun haɗa da zazzabi da ciwon makogaro da kumburin wuya da wahalar haɗiye ko numfashi. A wasu lokuta, cutar na samar da wani kauri mai launin toka a makogaro wanda zai iya toshe hanyar numfashi, sannan gubar ƙwayar cutar na iya lalata zuciya da jijiyoyin jiki.
Yayin da gwamnatin tarayya da hukumomin lafiya ke ƙara tura allurai da ƙarfafa sa ido da samar da wuraren kula da masu fama da cutar, babban ƙalubalen shi ne yadda za a tabbatar da cewa allurar ta isa ga kowane yaro, musamman a ƙauyuka da wuraren da ke da wahalar kaiwa.
hukumar NCDC ta ce rigakafin cutar kyauta ne kuma ana samunsa a cibiyoyin kula da lafiya na matakin farko a dukkan fadin kasar.
Yayin da ake ci gaba da samun sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar, tambayar da ke gaban hukumomi ita ce: me za a yi domin tabbatar da cewa yara ba su ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar da za a iya kare su daga gare ta tun kafin ta kai su gadon asibiti?