A shekarar 1960, tsarin kiwon lafiyar Najeriya yana cikin matakin farko na gina cibiyoyi da manufofin kula da lafiyar jama’a.
A wancan lokaci, an fi mayar da hankali kan gina asibitoci da samar da magunguna, kafin daga baya tsarin kula da lafiya ya fara karkata zuwa lafiyar al’umma da rigakafin cututtuka.
A shekarun 1980, karkashin jagorancin tsohon Ministan Lafiya, Farfesa Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, Najeriya ta faɗaɗa tsarin kiwon lafiya na matakin farko zuwa ƙananan hukumomi, tare da ƙarfafa rigakafin yara da sauran ayyukan kiwon lafiyar al’umma.
Shekaru 66 bayan haka, tsarin ya faɗaɗa sosai. Najeriya yanzu tana da dubban cibiyoyin lafiya na matakin farko, da asibitocin jihohi da na tarayya, tare da tsarin inshorar lafiya da shirye-shiryen tallafa wa marasa galihu.
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A shekarun baya-bayan nan ma, gwamnati ta ce ta farfaɗo da cibiyoyin lafiya sama da 3,000, yayin da amfani da cibiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin Basic Health Care Provision Fund ya ƙaru daga miliyan 10 a farkon 2024 zuwa miliyan 45 a kwata na biyu na 2025.
A lafiyar mata da yara ma, an samu wasu alamun sauyi. Bayanai daga binciken kiwon lafiya na ƙasa sun nuna cewa adadin mace-macen mata masu juna biyu ya ragu daga 576 zuwa 512 cikin mata 100,000 da suka haihu tsakanin 2018 da 2023.
Haka kuma, mace-macen yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar ya ragu daga 132 zuwa 110 cikin yara 1,000, yayin da haihuwa ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun ma’aikatan lafiya ta ƙaru daga kashi 43 zuwa kashi 53.
A fannin inshorar lafiya ma, Najeriya ta fara ɗaukar matakai zuwa tsarin da zai rage dogaro da biyan kuɗin magani kai tsaye daga aljihun mara lafiya.
Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta ce inshorar lafiya ya kai kusan kashi 12 cikin 100 a 2025, yayin da NHIA ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen kula da mata masu juna biyu da jarirai.
Zuwa Agusta 2026, NHIA ta ce sama da mata da jarirai 93,000 sun amfana da shirye-shiryen gaggawa na kula da haihuwa da jarirai, yayin da cibiyoyin CEmONC 273 ke cikin shirin.
Fasaha ma ta fara sauya yadda ake gudanar da harkar lafiya. Gwamnati ta ce ta amince da tsarin National Digital Health Architecture, wanda ake sa ran zai taimaka wajen haɗa bayanan marasa lafiya da kuma samar da tsarin “One Patient, One Health Record”. Haka kuma, ana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar zamani da telemedicine wajen faɗaɗa damar samun kulawar lafiya, musamman a wuraren da ba su da isassun ma’aikatan lafiya.
Sai dai idan aka waiwaya shekaru 66, tambayar ba ita ce kawai “an samu ci gaba?” ba. Babbar tambayar ita ce “shin ci gaban ya yi daidai da buƙatun al’ummar Najeriya?”
A nan ne babban gibi yake bayyana. Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta ce har yanzu fiye da kashi 70 cikin 100 na kuɗin da ake kashewa kan lafiya na fitowa ne daga aljihun ’yan Najeriya, yayin da tsarin inshorar lafiya bai kai ga mafi yawan jama’a ba. Har ila yau, akwai ƙarancin ma’aikatan lafiya da rashin daidaiton rabonsu tsakanin birane da karkara.
Don haka, tarihin kiwon lafiyar Najeriya cikin shekaru 66 tarihi ne na faɗaɗa cibiyoyi, da ƙara rigakafi, da bunƙasa kiwon lafiya na matakin farko da kuma fara gina tsarin inshora da fasahar lafiya. Amma har yanzu ƙasar na buƙatar ƙarin jari, da ƙarin ma’aikatan lafiya, da ingantattun cibiyoyi da kuma tsarin da zai sa talaka ya iya samun magani ba tare da kashe abin da ya mallaka ba.
A ƙarshe, babban gwajin shekaru masu zuwa ba wai yawan asibitocin da za a gina kawai ba ne, sai dai ko Najeriya za ta iya samar da ingantacciyar lafiya, mai sauƙin samu kuma mai sauƙin biya ga kowane ɗan ƙasa, ko da yana birni ko ƙauye.